As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. of the HA130 controls. In contrast to neutralizing antibody levels, the patients virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses remained below detection (i.e., equivalent to na?ve controls) at all time points examined. Conversation YFV-17D is usually formally contraindicated for immunosuppressed patients due to increased risk of severe adverse events (4). In this statement, we found that even though KTX subject experienced depressed cellular immunity, he was able to mount a YFV-specific neutralizing antibody response following vaccination. Time to onset of YEL-AVD symptoms typically range from 4C8 days post-vaccination (4) and a prior statement explained a YEL-AVD case who experienced presented with fever and AST = 111 U/mL and ALT = 72 U/mL prior to rapid development of multiple organ failure ending in death on hospital day 4 (5). There is no approved therapy for YEL-AVD, however, IVIG is usually often administered to KTX patients following high-risk exposure to other viruses such as measles or varicella zoster computer virus and since IVIG was expected to contain YFV-specific neutralizing antibodies (4), the clinical team considered it prudent to treat the patient with IVIG prior to onset of severe HA130 viscerotropic disease since the therapeutic effect would be best if administered at the earliest stages of disease. While it is usually unknown if IVIG prevented viral dissemination or viscerotropic disease, it did not appear to inhibit successful YFV vaccination as judged by seroconversion. These results suggest that IVIG could be administered as a precaution against potential YFV-AVD or other YFV vaccine-associated adverse events. Acknowledgements This project was funded in part with federal funds from your National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, R44 AI079898 (to MKS and IJA), R01 AI098723 (to MKS) and Oregon National Primate Research Center grant, 8P51 OD011092-53 (to MKS). The authors thank D.J. Norman, L. Strassfeld, M.R. Arnesen, and A. Mittalhenkle for insightful conversation. Abbreviations IVIGintravenous immunoglobulinKTXkidney transplantYFVyellow fever virusYEL-AVDyellow fever associated viscerotropic disease Footnotes Publisher’s Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for HA130 publication. As Rabbit Polyclonal to OR52D1 HA130 a service to our customers we are providing this HA130 early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the producing proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. MKS, IJA, EH, EAP, MWL, and JMH, performed laboratory studies and/or data analysis associated with measuring antiviral immune responses, and KAM and DH participated in care of the patient. All authors participated in writing or critiquing of the case statement. Conflict of Interest Statement The authors were not paid to write this article by a pharmaceutical organization or other agency. OHSU, IJA, EH, EAP, and MKS have a financial desire for Najt Technologies, Inc., a company that may have a commercial desire for the results of this research and technology. This potential individual and institutional discord of interest has been examined and managed by OHSU. All other authors declare no financial conflicts of interest..